The microstructure of shale reservoirs refers to the distribution of mineral–organic matter, pore–fracture features, diagenetic processes, and their interrelations. The comprehensive and accurate analysis of the shale microstructure plays a critical role in formulating a reasonable development plan and optimizing measures to enhance oil or gas recovery. To explore the microstructure ...Shale forms from the pressure of layers of sediment compressing bits of silt that settle into the clay on the bottom of bodies of water. The compressed clay and silt become shale over time. Shale is a sedimentary rock.Oil shale is just one unconventional oil source that's being researched. Learn how oil shale could save the day when — and if — we hit peak oil in the U.S. Advertisement People who owe money have a way of turning the table on their credito...Jun 10, 2020 · This study aims to investigate mineralogy, depositional environment and rock mechanical properties of Cambay Shale Formation in Jambusar-Broach block of South Cambay Basin, India, by an integrated approach of combining wireline logs and laboratory studies. The study involves the analysis of spectral gamma ray (SGR) logs and laboratory studies of core samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thin ... The contents of major oxides and the concentrations of trace elements were normalized to Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) values. The Paleocene–Eocene carbonates are enriched in CaO, MgO, Cr, and Ni, whereas ... Higgins JA, Blättler CL, Lundstrom EA et al (2018) Mineralogy, early marine diagenesis, and the chemistry of ...Sep 1, 2018 · Marcellus Shale lithology is dominantly shale that reflects organic-rich pelagic intrabasinal and clastic extrabasinal sedimentation under anoxic bottom-water conditions. Mineralogy in the Marcellus Shale is diverse (Hupp, 2017), with total-organic‑carbon (TOC) concentrations as high as 15% (Wang and Carr, 2013; Enomoto et al., 2014; Yu, 2015 ... 11 thg 4, 2017 ... Many of the minerals that formed from the gasses of the fire are similar to those from other oil shale fires, coal mine fires, and volcanic ...δ’ 18 O and Δ’ 17 O values vary based on genetic type, chemistry, mineralogy, ... SN = shale-normalized to Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) of McLennan (1989)) is not redox-driven. Instead, the Y anomaly reflects REY speciation and the anion composition of ambient fluids (Bau and Dulski, 1995).May 16, 2022 · Shale is of strong heterogeneity. The mineral composition has a significant influence on the diagenetic evolution, pore network formation, hydrocarbon content, oil mobility, and reservoir stimulation of shale. Accurate mineral analysis of shale is an essential precondition for scientific research and industrial production. In this study, we present a new quantitative method for shale mineral ... δ’ 18 O and Δ’ 17 O values vary based on genetic type, chemistry, mineralogy, ... SN = shale-normalized to Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) of McLennan (1989)) is not redox-driven. Instead, the Y anomaly reflects REY speciation and the anion composition of ambient fluids (Bau and Dulski, 1995).Shale is of strong heterogeneity. The mineral composition has a significant influence on the diagenetic evolution, pore network formation, hydrocarbon content, oil mobility, and reservoir ...A shale with at least 1% carbonaceous material indicating a reducing environment. A dark, thinly laminated carbonaceous shale, exceptionally rich in organic matter (5% or more carbon content) and sulfide (esp. iron sulfide, usually pyrite ), and often containing unusual concentrations of certain trace elements (U, V, Cu, Ni). The mineralogical data (e.g., high illite content and moderate illite crystallinity index in Beduh shale and kaolinite in Baluti shale) and geochemical parameters of the shales …Exploring for the Future (EFTF) is an Australian Government initiative focused on gathering new data and information about potential mineral, energy and groundwater resources across northern Australia. This area is generally under-explored and offers enormous potential for industry development, as it is advantageously located close to major global markets, …The measurement is used to locate shale beds and quantify shale volume. Clay minerals are formed from the decomposition of igneous rock. Because clay minerals have large cation exchange capacities, they permanently retain a portion of the radioactive minerals present in trace amounts in their parent igneous micas and feldspars.Organic-rich shale and associated fine-grained sedimentary rocks of marine-continental transitional facies were well developed in the Upper Carboniferous Keluke Formation in the Eastern Qaidam Basin, which is expected to be a set of potential shale gas exploration and development target. Mineralogy and pore structure of marine-continental transitional shale were investigated systematically ...Since shale is largely defined by its grain size, it can be composed of a pretty wide variety of minerals and rock fragments. Shale is not defined by its mineralogy, but because of the way it forms it is almost always made from only a handful of possible components. However, microstructural images of shale at high-resolution, obtained through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are constrained in the two-dimensional (2D) scale.Method: In …Oil shale is a crucial unconventional energy source to supplement conventional oil and gas. The oil shale in the Maoming Basin of China has excellent resource potential. In this study, through systematic geochemical testing, the industrial quality and geochemical characteristics of oil shale are revealed, and the hydrocarbon generation potential of oil shale, the parent rock type, and the ...The contents of major oxides and the concentrations of trace elements were normalized to Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS) values. The Paleocene–Eocene carbonates are enriched in CaO, MgO, Cr, and Ni, whereas ... Higgins JA, Blättler CL, Lundstrom EA et al (2018) Mineralogy, early marine diagenesis, and the chemistry of ...Jan 1, 2022 · The HRZ Shale is primarily a siliceous mudstone with varying proportions of pyrite. It has a significantly low proportion of carbonates. The minerals—quartz, clay, and pyrite—all vary in abundance from well to well and within the same well at various depths. Download : Download high-res image (653KB) Download : Download full-size image; Fig. 9. The characterizations of microfractures within shale, and their associations with bedding, mineralogy and loading, are important for shale gas exploration and related engineering safety.Organic-rich shale and associated fine-grained sedimentary rocks of marine-continental transitional facies were well developed in the Upper Carboniferous Keluke Formation in the Eastern Qaidam Basin, which is expected to be a set of potential shale gas exploration and development target. Mineralogy and pore structure of marine-continental transitional shale were investigated systematically ...There are many factors which govern whether a particular shale will become a shale gas resource and these include: (1) Organic matter abundance, type and thermal maturity, (2) Porosity–permeability relationships and pore size distribution, (3) Brittleness and its relationship to mineralogy and rock fabric.Fluid–shale interaction mechanisms and their implications on shale mechanical property evolutions are essential for both shale gas exploitation and CO2 sequestration. To understand the potential influence of water and CO2 exposure on shale, three shale samples from different formations were treated with dry supercritical CO2, supercritical CO2–water, and pure water for up to 30 days ...Shale mineralogy and geochemistry are often used to infer geological and environmental conditions at the time of deposition. For example, major element concentrations and mineral distribution patterns provide clues about the provenance of the sediments (White, 2008, Riboulleau et al., 2014, Verma and Armstrong-Altrin, 2013).Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 5013 2 of 17 The mineral analysis is mainly inclusive of mineral composition, morphology, and distribution. The main conventional shale mineral analysis methods are rock ...Shale mineralogy. The mineralogy variation with respect to depth over the cored interval in the well drilled through Cambay Shale has been shown in Fig. 3a. Amongst all, the clay mineral shows the highest percentage (in the range of 54–80%). The second most dominating mineral is Quartz varying from 3 to 25%.Jun 30, 2023 · Moreover, mineralogy differences in organic-rich shales have a major impact on the diagenetic pathway and the evolution of pore systems among various lithofacies during burial. Diagenetic process and pore evolution are also very important to the physical properties of organic-rich shale reservoir. Therefore, the modelling of the factors ... Oil Shale is a rock that contains significant amounts of organic material in the form of kerogen. Up to 1/3 of the rock can be solid organic material. Liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons can be extracted from the oil shale, but the rock must be heated and/or treated with solvents.Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolin, Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. Shale is characterized by its … See moreIn this study, the core samples were analyzed by thin section microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, pyrite morphology, X-ray diffraction, and geochemical analysis (total organic carbon (TOC) content, sulfur content, organic petrography, inorganic carbon isotope and major and trace elements) to understand …Secondary minerals include jarosite, gypsum, goethite, amorphous Fe(III) oxides and Fe(II)-Al sulfate salt (efflorescence). The mineralogy in weathered shale defines four weathered intervals on the outcrop-Zones A-C and soil. Alteration of the weakly weathered shale (Zone A) is attributed to the 40-a exposure of the shale.Shale producers will keep oil prices low for at least another two years. OPEC is once again at odds with the market. This time, it’s not about the cartel’s strategy to dominate the oil trade. Instead, OPEC is in a debate with industry analy...of porosity, mineralogy and BI in the Barnett Shale on. the crossplots of seismic attributes V p / V s and I p.T h e. panel in figure 9 (a) is colour-coded by the BI defined by.Twenty-three shale samples ranging in depth from 5194 ft to 13,246 ft from Gulf Oil Corporation No. 2 Texas State Lease 53034 well and 33 shale samples ranging in depth from 2185 ft to 15,592 ft from General Crude Oil Company/Department of Energy No. 1 Pleasant Bayou well were examined by x-ray techniques to determine the mineralogy of the geopressured zone in the Brazoria Fairway. Abstract. Gold ore deposits located in black shale strata are one of the main industrially significant sources of ore gold. However, using geophysical methods for exploration of these objects may lead to numerous problems caused, on the one hand, by relatively low physical contrast and, on the other hand, by the distorting effect of …The paper is investigating behavior and structure of combustible shales during heat treatment in order to identify their possible industrial applications. A synchronous thermal analysis has been held, chemical composition of combustible shales’ mineral fraction and optimal conditions for shale fines briquetting have been determined.Diagenetic shale minerals are carriers for inorganic pores. Since the mineral compositions of shales in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the study area are complicated, the types and characteristics of pores developed in different minerals are also varied. Inorganic pores involve intercrystalline pores, transgranular pores, and dissolution holes.The characterizations of microfractures within shale, and their associations with bedding, mineralogy and loading, are important for shale gas exploration and related engineering safety.Variations in shale mineralogy also may affect the reactivity of both organic additives in the ... Organic and mineral composition of three shale samples form ...The Next Phase Of The U.S. Shale Revolution. By David Messler - Oct 18, 2023, 7:00 PM CDT. Reserve replacement becomes crucial in the shale industry as …a lower dark soft shale unit 115 feet thick, a middle hard or ganic-rich shale unit 90 feet thick, and an upper hard slightly phosphatic shale unit about 10 feet thick. The Sharon Springs contains abundant vertebrate remains but few mollusks. Minerals in the Sharon Springs Member, as determinedShale is of strong heterogeneity. The mineral composition has a significant influence on the diagenetic evolution, pore network formation, hydrocarbon content, oil mobility, and reservoir stimulation of shale. Accurate mineral analysis of shale is an essential precondition for scientific research and industrial production. In this study, we present a new quantitative method for shale mineral ...Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 5013 2 of 17 The mineral analysis is mainly inclusive of mineral composition, morphology, and distribution. The main conventional shale mineral analysis methods are rock ...The most common path begins with shale, which is a sedimentary rock. Regional metamorphism can transform shale into slate, then phyllite, then schist, and finally into gneiss. During this transformation, clay particles in shale transform into micas and increase in size. Finally, the platy micas begin to recrystallize into granular minerals.Mar 1, 2013 · An in situ dual-beam microscope (Scanning Electron Microscope and Focused Ion Beam, also called SEM-FIB) was exploited to image and analyze the microstructure of the Fayetteville shale samples. 2. Clay mineralogy. Rock mineralogy is critical for shale evaluation [22], [17] and can greatly affect the brittleness of rocks [9]. The proportion of ... The mineralogical data (e.g., high illite content and moderate illite crystallinity index in Beduh shale and kaolinite in Baluti shale) and geochemical parameters of the shales …Jul 7, 2022 · Millimeter-scale mineral composition and lithofacies. Due to the organic matter enrichment, the vertical thin section in Fig. 2 is brown-yellow under the plane-polarized light. No visible fossils ... Keywords: Bakken shale, source rock, mineralogy, southern Saskatchewan, Williston Basin, Mississippian-Devonian. 1. Introduction The study area encompasses Ranges 31W1 to 4W3 and Townships 3 to 16 within southern Saskatchewan in the northern part of the Williston Basin (Figure 1). The Late Devonian-Early Mississippian Bakken Formation is presentThe most common path begins with shale, which is a sedimentary rock. Regional metamorphism can transform shale into slate, then phyllite, then schist, and finally into gneiss. During this transformation, clay particles in shale transform into micas and increase in size. Finally, the platy micas begin to recrystallize into granular minerals.Surface properties of shale play an essential role in adsorption, transport, and production of hydrocarbons from shale reservoirs. Nanoscale surface properties of kerogen and …Jul 4, 2018 · PDF | On Jul 4, 2018, Gharib Hamada published Mineralogy of shale gas | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Shale mineralogy and geochemistry are often used to infer geological and environmental conditions at the time of deposition. For example, major element concentrations and mineral distribution patterns provide clues about the provenance of the sediments (White, 2008, Riboulleau et al., 2014, Verma and Armstrong-Altrin, 2013).Shale Mineralogy and Overpressure: Some Case. Histories of Pressure Detection Worldwide. Uti I izing Consistent Shale. Mineralogy Parameters. By. J. A. Gill ...Jul 27, 2022 · Shale mineralogy, particularly relative quartz, carbonate and clay content, significantly determines the brittleness of a shale reservoir (EIA, 2013). Brittle shales tend to be those with high percentages of quartz, carbonate and feldspar, and these are likely to form extensive, interconnected permeability networks when hydraulically stimulated. Mar 16, 2023 · Shale is an important self-sourced reservoir rock in many sedimentary basins worldwide. In this research work, a geochemical history of variations in the sedimentary environment of the lacustrine basin is analyzed based on extensive shale samples collected from the lower 3rd member (Es 3 L) and upper 4th member (Es 4 U) of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Boxing Sag (Dongying Depression ... 13 thg 8, 2019 ... Shale overpressure has led to the expulsion of crude oil and natural gas from otherwise very tight source rocks to more porous and permeable ...In terms of shale mineral compositions, the higher percentage of brittle minerals and the lower content of clay minerals can lead to the larger shale brittleness and greater fracturing availability. As for the mechanics properties of rocks, the commonly used characterization parameters include Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio.For the purpose of evaluating shale gas reservoir resources, researchers concentrated on the adsorption/desorption mechanism of CH 4 in shale in the early studies, and the main influencing factors were analyzed: organic matter content, kerogen type, mineralogy, thermal maturity (), moisture, micropore structure and pore size distribution, etc.May 16, 2022 · Shale is of strong heterogeneity. The mineral composition has a significant influence on the diagenetic evolution, pore network formation, hydrocarbon content, oil mobility, and reservoir stimulation of shale. Accurate mineral analysis of shale is an essential precondition for scientific research and industrial production. In this study, we present a new quantitative method for shale mineral ... The soils on Imo Clay Shale residua were sampled at Anaku and Igbariam in Anambra state, Nigeria to characterize, classify and evaluate their current suitability for rice production following standard scientific procedures. After several auger borings, modal profiles were sited, dug, described, and sampled. The soils generally belong to loamy textural classes …Under the Mining Act 1978, royalties are payable on all minerals. However, the definition of ‘mineral’ excludes the following where they occur on private land: limestone, rock or …A shale with at least 1% carbonaceous material indicating a reducing environment. A dark, thinly laminated carbonaceous shale, exceptionally rich in organic matter (5% or more carbon content) and sulfide (esp. iron sulfide, usually pyrite ), and often containing unusual concentrations of certain trace elements (U, V, Cu, Ni). Fracture ability of the shale formations from of the part Cambay Basin was investigated from its mineralogy and morphology. • Studied shale is found to be rich in clay as per lithological classification. • Pore mapping specifies the presence of mostly mesopores with an average pore diameter of 17.58 nm. •In this study, the core samples were analyzed by thin section microscopy, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, pyrite morphology, X-ray diffraction, and geochemical analysis (total organic carbon (TOC) content, sulfur content, organic petrography, inorganic carbon isotope and major and trace elements) to understand …a lower dark soft shale unit 115 feet thick, a middle hard or ganic-rich shale unit 90 feet thick, and an upper hard slightly phosphatic shale unit about 10 feet thick. The Sharon Springs contains abundant vertebrate remains but few mollusks. Minerals in the Sharon Springs Member, as determined Few sizable targets remain in the most coveted U.S. shale basin after the oil supermajors’ mega acquisitions, setting off a scramble for what is left.Mineralogy-based brittleness index is the simplest and most widely used index in characterizing the brittle property of shale gas/oil reservoirs. Traditionally, mineral compositions are usually determined by laboratory X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis or interpreted from element logging, among which the former is time-consuming and non-continuous while the latter is costly and not timely. In ...Jun 30, 2023 · Moreover, mineralogy differences in organic-rich shales have a major impact on the diagenetic pathway and the evolution of pore systems among various lithofacies during burial. Diagenetic process and pore evolution are also very important to the physical properties of organic-rich shale reservoir. Therefore, the modelling of the factors ... About Shale Hide. A fine-grained detrital sedimentary rock, formed by the consolidation (esp. by compression) of clay, silt, or mud. It is characterized by finely laminated structure, which imparts a fissility approx. parallel to the bedding, along which the rock breaks readily into thin layers, and by an appreciable content of clay minerals ...Clifford Krauss reports on the energy industry from Houston. Oct. 11, 2023. Exxon Mobil announced on Wednesday that it was acquiring Pioneer Natural Resources …The measurement is used to locate shale beds and quantify shale volume. Clay minerals are formed from the decomposition of igneous rock. Because clay minerals have large cation exchange capacities, they permanently retain a portion of the radioactive minerals present in trace amounts in their parent igneous micas and feldspars.Shale reservoirs Pore throat structure Three dimensional distribution FIB-SEM Lithological impact 1. Introduction Natural gas, as a power fuel and chemical raw material, is …May 1, 2020 · Rock is a mixture of various minerals [32,33]. Mineralogy characteristics are generally considered as the most essential parameter affecting the AWJ perforation performance. Based on mineral composition and content, shale can be classified into three primary categories, i.e. siliceous shale, carbonaceous shale and calcareous shale [9]. Jul 23, 2013 · For example, the model assumes that the anisotropy only comes from aligned fractures, whereas aligned clay minerals likely contribute to the VTI anisotropy. Also, Chapman's model contains only one solid phase, and it assumes the pores are spherical, whereas the Haynesville Shale contains multiple minerals phases. Shale mineralogy and geochemistry are often used to infer geological and environmental conditions at the time of deposition. For example, major element concentrations and mineral distribution patterns provide clues about the provenance of the sediments (White, 2008, Riboulleau et al., 2014, Verma and Armstrong-Altrin, 2013).The HRZ Shale is primarily a siliceous mudstone with varying proportions of pyrite. It has a significantly low proportion of carbonates. The minerals—quartz, clay, and pyrite—all vary in abundance from well to well and within the same well at various depths. Download : Download high-res image (653KB) Download : Download full-size image; Fig. 9.Liu B, Song Y, Zhu K, et al. (2020) Mineralogy and element geochemistry of salinized lacustrine organic-rich shale in the Middle Permian Santanghu Basin: Implications for paleoenvironment, provenance, tectonic setting and shale oil potential. Marine and Petroleum Geology 120: 104569.Figure 9 shows the templates incorporating the effects of porosity, mineralogy and BI in the Barnett Shale on the crossplots of seismic attributes V p /V s and I p. The panel in figure 9(a) is colour-coded by the BI defined by geomechanical properties and the panel in figure 9(b) is colour-coded by the content of brittle mineralogy. In the ...The identification and classification of lithofacies’ types are very important activities in shale oil and gas exploration and development evaluation. There have been many studies on the classification of marine shale lithofacies, but research on lacustrine shale lithofacies is still in its infancy. Therefore, in this study, a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework is established ...There are roughly 3,800 named minerals in the world and approximately 30 to 50 new minerals described each year, according to the Mineralogical Society of America. Several books and manuals list, describe and expound upon each named mineral...Moreover, mineralogy differences in organic-rich shales have a major impact on the diagenetic pathway and the evolution of pore systems among various lithofacies during burial. Diagenetic process and pore evolution are also very important to the physical properties of organic-rich shale reservoir. Therefore, the modelling of the factors ...Aug 22, 2023 · Shale is a laminated or fissile clastic sedimentary rock that composed of predominance of silt and clay other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. Characteristic properties of shale is breaks along thin laminae or parallel layering or bedding called fissility. Shale K: Slate J: Schist ... Mineralogy: Gneiss: Gneiss typically contains minerals such as quartz, feldspar (plagioclase and orthoclase), biotite, muscovite, amphibole (such as hornblende), and potentially garnet. The specific mineral composition can vary depending on the protolith and metamorphic conditions.Shale is of strong heterogeneity. The mineral composition has a significant influence on the diagenetic evolution, pore network formation, hydrocarbon content, oil mobility, and reservoir ...Few sizable targets remain in the most coveted U.S. shale basin after the oil supermajors’ mega acquisitions, setting off a scramble for what is left.